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Rice cultivation in Arkansas
Large scale rice production in the state of Arkansas became a significant industry in the late 19th/early 20th century with its wide scale propagation within the state by entrepreneur W.H. Fuller around 1896.〔Arkansas Rice. 2011. Arkansas Rice Federation. http://www.arkansasricefarmers.org/arkansas-rice-facts/〕 Arkansas has historically been the largest rice producer in the entire United States, and accounted for nearly 45% of U.S. rice production in 2001,〔Watkins, Bradley K., Merle M. Andres and Tony E. Windham, "An Economic Comparison of Alternative
Rice Production Systems in Arkansas." ''Journal of Sustainable Agriculture'' Vol. 24. Issue 4 (2004): Pages 57-78〕 as well as just less than half of the total number of acres of rice harvested nationwide.〔United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service,“Quick Stats: Agricultural Statistics Data Base,” http://www.nass.usda.gov/QuickStats
(Retrieved on 2011-10-12)〕 Much of Arkansas' rice is grown in the east-central portion of the state, where it requires nearly three times more the amount of irrigation water than the average eleven inches the region receives during the growing season.〔Gates, John. "Groundwater Irrigation in the Development of the Grand Prairie Rice Industry, 1896-1950." ''The Arkansas Historical Quarterly'' Vol. LXIV. Issue 4 (2005): Pages 394-413〕 In the areas of lowest precipitation, or where weedy red rice is a significant problem, farmers follow a three year, three phase "old rotation" of rice-soybean-soybean. However, most Arkansas rice producers follow a two year, two phase crop rotation of rice following soybeans.〔
==History==
The origins of rice cultivation within the state of Arkansas, as well as within the entire Grand Prairie region, is typically attributed to Nebraskan entrepreneur W.H. Fuller's move to Lonoke County, Arkansas and subsequent planting of rice throughout the region. The idea to plant rice in Arkansas came to Fuller in August 1896, when he was travelling to Louisiana with companion Hewit Puryear for a hunting trip. Along their horse and wagon trip, the two men were especially captivated by a rice field in the southern Louisiana town of Crowley. It was in front of these fields that Fuller realized “...we had a good rice country if we had the water. At that time there were no wells (Crowley ) but they were talking of making wells, which gave me the idea of wells here.” Fuller was initially successful, but later realized that he had yet to master the techniques of rice cultivation, and so in 1898 embarked with fellow Nebraskan farmer John Morris back to Louisiana to perfect these techniques. Fuller returned to Arkansas in 1903 a master of rice farming, sowing acres of it in 1904, from which he harvested over 5,000 bushels.〔
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